If you’ve instantly regretted deleting a file or realised much later that the file you’re looking for is gone, the feeling is the same.
You might have deleted it by accident, were sure you never needed it again, or felt certain you had a copy saved somewhere else.
One option is to check in Windows’ Recycle Bin to see if the files are still sitting there. But if you – like many power users – use the Shift+Delete combo to avoid the “Are you sure?” pop-up, then they bypass the Recycle Bin and really are deleted.
Or are they? With the help of a clever app, all might not be lost.
But before we get your hopes up, it’s worth saying there’s no guarantee you’ll be able to retrieve your lost files, particularly if they were deleted a long time ago. This is especially difficult on devices with an SSD, where unused ‘cells’ are regularly deleted to free up space.
There are free and paid-for apps that can help you recover deleted files, but you need to be careful before installing and using them because by doing so you might overwrite the very files you are trying to get back.
If you’d rather use Microsoft’s official tool, then here is how Windows File Recovery works.
Most file recovery utilities work the same way, but this is the basic process:
- Download the recovery software. Install it to a different hard drive from the one containing the deleted files if possible.
- Select the drive or memory card containing your deleted files and allow the tool to scan for missing files
- Choose which files to recover
- Pick a location to save the files, which must be different to the original location
How to recover deleted files from the Recycle Bin
The first thing you should do is check the Windows’ Recycle Bin if you’ve just deleted something you didn’t mean to. When you select a file and press the Delete key (or right-click and choose the Delete option from the menu), Windows makes no attempt to delete it at all.
Instead, it moves it to the Recycle Bin, which has its own icon on the desktop. Restoring a file from the Recycle Bin is a simple matter of double-clicking on the desktop icon to display the contents and then right-clicking on the file and selecting Restore from the menu.
Jim Martin / Foundry
If the Recycle bin icon isn’t there, in Windows 10 and 11, go to Settings > Personalization > Themes and, under Related settings, click on Desktop icon settings. Then make sure Recycle Bin is ticked.
Jim Martin / Foundry
Don’t rely on the Recycle Bin as a safety net, though: it has a size limit and, once you exceed that, older files will be deleted permanently and automatically. The default size is more than adequate for most people so there’s a very good chance that any files you want to restore will still be present in the Recycle Bin. To check the capacity or alter it, right click on the Recycle Bin and choose Properties.
However, if you’re in the habit of using the Shift+Delete shortcut which bypasses the Recycle Bin and actually deletes the data, then this won’t help. Plus, if your files were on an SD card or USB flash drive there is no Recycle Bin function.
But before resorting to file recovery software, it is still worth checking other avenues. Have you shared the file or document via email? You might be able to get it back that way Have you saved or synchronised it with a cloud storage service? It could still be there. Or have you maybe made a backup of the files on another hard drive?
If the answer to all these questions is no, it’s time to try some file recovery software.
Which is the best data recovery software?
Here are some free options. Recuva – from Piriform – tends to be the go-to option for many people.
- Recuva
- DiskDrill– free for up to 500MB
- Paragon Rescue Kit Free
- CGSecurity PhotoRec
- Minitool Partition Wizard Free Edition – can recover deleted partitions
- Kroll Ontrack EasyRecovery Free
- TestDisk
On some occasions, a free tool is all you’ll need. But many of these have limited power for recovering files, or are limited in the number of files or the amount of data they will recover before you have to pay for their more powerful, deeper-scanning versions. Often, these premium versions can find and restore files that the free versions can’t. For example, if you format a hard drive (the long option, not the Quick one) then you might find free recovery software can still get the files back.
Here are three of the best paid options, most of which offer a trial version or at least will display the files available for recovery before you have to pay:
- DiskDigger – $19.99 (approx £15)
- Stellar Windows Data Recovery – starting at US$99.99 (approx £90)
- Kroll Ontrack EasyRecovery – starting at £69 (approx $75)
- DiskDrill Pro – starting at £89.75 (approx $99)
How to recover deleted files
We’re using DiskDigger here, but the process is similar with all recovery software.
Download DiskDigger
Mike Bedford / Foundry
You don’t need to install it – just extract the contents of the .zip archive and run the .exe file. Remember that if you’ve already accidentally deleted some files, you shouldn’t download DiskDigger to the disk containing your lost files as it could overwrite your files and make it impossible to recover them. Ideally, download it before you actually need it.
Launch DiskDigger
Mike Bedford / Foundry
The first screen shows all the drives your computer has, so select the one containing your deleted files and click on ‘Next’ three times. The disk will now be scanned and any deleted files will be listed – this could take some time. If your missing files are listed, continue to the next step. If not you could try altering some of the options in the earlier screens.
Look through any recovered files
Mike Bedford / Foundry
DiskDigger won’t be able to show correct filenames so, to help identify lost files, a preview option is provided. Select a file in the list at the left and choose either the ‘Preview’ (for photos) or the ‘First few bytes’ tag. Also useful for photographs is the ‘Thumbnail’ option in the ‘View’ menu which will show small images in the list.
Restore the files
Mike Bedford / Foundry
When you’ve identified your deleted file(s) select them in the list at the left and click on ‘Recover selected files…’.
Then select the device and folder where you want your files to be restored to (this must not be on the same physical drive as the lost file) and click on OK.
The missing file(s) will be saved with automatically generated filenames, so you’ll need to rename them to their original names or something meaningful.
Tips for recovering deleted files
- Act fast! The sooner you realise you’ve accidentally deleted a file, the better your chances of recovering it. When you notice your loss, don’t save anything to the disk and don’t even download or install a file recovery utility if the file was on your PC or laptop’s hard drive as it might overwrite the very files you’re trying to recover.
- Use the portable version. Some recovery software can run directly from a USB flash drive but you must download it using a different computer. Even browsing the internet to find an undelete utility causes files to be written to your disk so use a different PC to download the utility.
- Free up some space. Undelete utilities only work reliably with sequential files. If your disk is reasonably full, Windows often has to split the file across spare blocks around the disk and in this case, a deleted file is very difficult to recover.
Plus, different types of drive use different file systems and any undelete utility will work only with particular types of file system. Hard disks in Windows PCs use the NTFS file system but USB flash drives and memory cards usually use some variant of FAT (FAT16, FAT32 or exFAT) and you should select software with the necessary support for all your media.
Can files be recovered from a failed SSD or hard drive?
Having dispelled the myth that deleted and corrupted files are lost forever, we now come to the problem that all PC users dread – a hard drive failure. This could manifest in several ways but generally Windows won’t start, even in Safe Mode, and turning on your PC might be accompanied by unhealthy clicking noises (if you have a spinning drive rather than a SSD). What you stand to lose, therefore, isn’t just a few of your treasured files but the entire contents of the drive.
It’s commonly suggested that mechanical hard disks can be repaired by putting them in the freezer. While this has been known to work, bringing the drive back to life for just long enough to extract the most important files, it’s effective only for certain very specific types of fault.
Often it won’t work and attempting it might just prove to be the last straw for your ailing disk. Our recommendation, therefore, is that you don’t attempt this nor any other DIY repair.
Instead, as soon as you suspect a hardware failure, turn off your PC immediately and make contact with a data recovery company such as Kroll OnTrack. These companies have vast stocks of parts that they are able to swap in their clean room to restore a disk to a working state.
Once this has been achieved they’ll copy all the data they can recover to encrypted removable media such as a USB drive. This will work for failures of most parts of the disk including the electronic circuit boards, the motor and the read/write head, but there’s a limit to what can be achieved.
As the part on which the data is actually stored, if the platter is scratched or shattered it’s normally game over although, fortunately, this is rare. As always, it pays to shop around before deciding which company to use and it’s also a good idea to choose a company that will diagnose the problem for free.
The technicians can also use the latest techniques to recover data from a failed SSD.
Expect to pay around $700/£700 for such as service though, so it’s really a last resort or for data that’s extremely valuable.
If one of the methods here has proved successful, we’d highly recommend backing up your files to avoid a similar situation in the future. Whether it’s automatic syncing with cloud storage service, or an external SSD you transfer files to each month, getting into good habits now will save you lots of pain in the future.